vii Water resilience. ..................................................... 73 Adaptation actions................................................... 73 Adaptation challenges and needs............................... 73 Mitigation and low-carbon development. ................ 73 Introduction............................................................ 73 GHG emissions and development............................... 74 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)............... 74 Lighting up and powering Africa. ............................... 77 Integrating Africa..................................................... 77 Climate finance. ....................................................... 77 Introduction............................................................ 77 The Bank’s funds..................................................... 78 The Bank’s climate finance. ...................................... 78 Finance needed....................................................... 78 Sources of finance. .................................................. 78 Enabling environment.............................................. 78 Introduction............................................................ 78 Mainstreaming climate change at the Bank................. 79 The Bank’s capacity. ................................................ 79 RMC capacity. ......................................................... 81 Partnerships and governance.................................... 81 Processes............................................................... 81 Monitoring, Evaluation, Reporting and Learning. ......... 83 Knowledge services................................................. 85 Knowledge generation.............................................. 85 Communication....................................................... 85 NDCs..................................................................... 85 Strategic areas of special emphasis........................ 87 Transition to green growth........................................ 87 Gender, youth and social inclusion............................. 89 Private sector development and participation.............. 89 Robust and resilient recovery.................................... 91 Convening power, partnerships, and activation of key actors..................................... 91 Institutional and RMC capacity enhancement. ...................................................... 95 KEY LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. ...................................105 Current situation....................................................107 Pillar 1 on adaptation and climate-resilient development..........................................................107 Pillar 2 on mitigation and low carbon development. ....108 Pillar 3 on mobilising climate finance........................109 Pillar 4 on creating an enabling environment. ............110 Other challenges and lessons...................................113 Recommendations. .................................................115 Climate change pillars. ...........................................115 Evidence-driven policies, strategies, and plans...........115 Atmospheric CO2 removals......................................115 RMF levels addressed by action plans and strategies. .115 Consider new financial approaches and models..........115 Support early-stage activities...................................117 Guidance and tools. ................................................117 Monitoring, evaluation, and reporting........................117 Reports.................................................................117 Internal capacity.....................................................117 External capacity....................................................117 Knowledge generation and sharing...........................119 Communication......................................................119 Limit climate change and related physical risks. ........119 Limit transition risks and the possibility of “stranded assets”...................................................119 Increased focus on sustainable development?............119 Lessons learned during the implementation period of the Second Climate Change Action Plan.119 Transition to green growth.......................................119 Gender, youth and social inclusion............................119 Private sector development and participation.............121 Robust and resilient recovery...................................121 Conclusion. ........................................................123
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