27 shows that most nations in Africa remain highly vulnerable to climate change and lack sufficient capacity to respond and adapt. A severe lack of data has hampered understanding of these impacts and the preparation of communities for adaptation. Without adequate adaptation action, climate change impacts can nullify the development gains made over the past decades and halt much-needed progress in the future. Most analyses of climate change impacts in Africa currently use downscaled global models to derive regional estimates, and there is a lack of local-level understanding of the impacts and of communities’ capacity to adapt (Pereira, 2017). Analysis by the Climate Action Tracker (2018) shows that, even if all commitments made in current NDCs submitted by the world’s nations are met, the average global temperature would still rise by more than 3.5°C by the end of the century. Temperatures in Africa are already rising, and the increase in mean annual temperature is projected to exceed 2ºC by 2100 (Niang et al, 2014). Furthermore, the sea level is projected to rise 10% more in Africa than the global average by 2100. Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, and Gambia are expected to be most severely affected, as large shares of their populations are at risk of annual flooding. Even if the temperature rise is limited to 2ºC, more frequent, larger tropical storm surges are projected to impact Tunisia, Tanzania, and Mozambique more than any other developing nations in the world (UNECA/ACPC, 2014). Climate change —core to the African Development Bank’s strategy Indorama Eleme Fertilizer in use on one of the fields tended by Shuaibu Yusuf, farmer in the Kaduna State, Nigeria Temperatures in Africa are already rising, and the increase in mean annual temperature is projected to exceed 2ºC by 2100
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