56 African Development Bank — Advancing Climate Change Action and Green Growth in Africa • Agriculture: investments in climatesmart agriculture; climate-resilient farming, livestock, and fisheries; food and nutritional security; and climate-compatible agribusinesses. Africa’s potential for agricultural production is enormous, yet it is the most food-insecure region in the world. Ensuring that efforts to improve agricultural production are environmentally sustainable is critical. • Water Resources: investments in sustainable water resource management; climate-friendly technologies; climate-friendly services, infrastructure, and businesses that support water efficiency; water reuse and recycling; and smart water management. This includes investments that integrate water and wastewater into the circular economy. The African Development Bank will focus on water sector resilience at a multi-country scale, where it has a comparative advantage; this is especially crucial given the transboundary and shared nature of many of the continent’s major water sources. • Sustainable Energy: investments that reduce energy poverty and expand access to modern, clean, and reliable energy sources, enhancing socioeconomic well-being. • Urban Development: investments that contribute to broad-based urban adaptation through planning, design, construction, and operation of wellequipped cities. They include the greening of cities, where residents enjoy a wide range of service delivery needed for community resilience. Urban adaptation investments by the Bank will be driven by the recognition that Africa’s urban population will soon grow to over half or greater than half of the continent’s population. This measure will complement mitigation-focused initiatives, including for example through energy-efficient buildings and waste management. • Infrastructure: investments in climate-resilient infrastructure that contribute to societal resilience and are robust to climate change impacts, such as for energy, transportation, health, education, information, and communication technologies. • Public Health: investments that strengthen the health sector’s capacity to absorb and respond to shocks and stressors, preserving the health of Africa’s labour force and enabling all to enjoy access to quality, affordable health care despite environmental disruptions. This includes investments in Africa’s public health institutions (such as institutions of communicable diseases and disease control, and biomedical research institutions), intra-country and inter-country disease surveillance and monitoring networks, and pharmaceutical development. There will be a focus on the linkage between climate change and climate-sensitive disease pathogens and vectors. It also includes investment in a trained, capacitated, and equipped public health workforce. • Climate services and underpinning operational systems: investments in hydrological and meteorological observation networks; data management and forecasting systems; international exchange of climate data and products; co-identification and co-development of tailored products for planning and decisionPlotting GHG emissions and development progress Source: UNDP HDI, Climate Watch Human Development Index (weighted average for Africa) Per capita GHG emissions (tonnes C02eq) 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0 0.40 0.45 Year 2000 Year 2010 Year 2018 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 Low Human Development Medium Human Development High Global per capita emission level required in 2030 to fulfil the Paris Agreement and SDG13
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