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The most prominent of these are the Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu
Biosphere Reserve, the Taman Raja Wildlife Corridor, proposed Senepis
Tiger Sanctuary, theOrangutanConservation inPlantedForest Landscape
and the newly proposedHighCarbonContent forest programme in Riau.
These programmes (apart from being direct conservation efforts)
are a key component of supporting the implementation of the sustain-
able plantation forest management programme in two ways.
150,000 hectares of the flagship conservation programme comprises
natural forests featuring varying soil types, conditions and forest
structures. The areas face multiple challenges, from illegal logging
and land occupation to human-animal conflict. They are all micro-
scale examples of the threats that are present in land use in Indonesia
as a whole and they represent (from the SMF perspective) a source of
learning for core teams on the key challenges faced in the field.
These locations allow new techniques to be trialled in controlled
environments to resolve challenges and provide opportunities for staff
to learn from leading academics in their field.
The role of plantations in providing protection and support as habi-
tats for threatened and endangered species at the landscape level is
also being expanded, giving key lessons for habitat and protection
management within the plantation matrix.
Kutai National Park lies alongside SMF company Surya Hutani Jaya
Kutai. Following engagements with a non-governmental conservation
organization in 2008, it was estimated that 300-700 orangutans live
in and migrate through the industrial plantation.
As a responsible plantation company certified under SPFM 5000-2,
the entity must demonstrate that it protects, manages and, where
possible, creates opportunities for the orangutan popula-
tion to expand. This requires the plantation management
unit to develop and implement specific management
planning requirements to drive a balance between the
recognized need of the species and the operational target
of the plantation.
At the landscape level, changes in land use, encroach-
ments and actions in national parks and interactions
between indigenous groups and migrants are all inter-
linked with the conservation of the species.
The management of the orangutan plantation popula-
tion cannot be viewed in isolation but has to be seen in
the context of the landscape and the multiple land uses
that include (in the Kutai landscape):
• Palm oil plantations
• Industrial wood fibre plantations
• Selective logging licences
• Open-cast coal mining.
This requires landscape-planning actions involving
multiple actors from indigenous communities, civil
society, land-use planning departments at district,
provincial and ministry level, enforcement agencies,
conservation groups and private companies.
All this contributes to improving team capacity, under-
standing and community engagement skills of the field
staffs in these locations.
SMF supports flagship conservation programmes covering 150,000 hectares of forests, some of them providing protection for rare mammal species
Image: Yayasan Pelestarian Harimau Sumatra