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Managing water, sustainability and poverty reduction through collective
community action
1. Falkenmark M, Rockstrom J (2004) Balancing Water for Humans and nature,
Earthscan Publications, London.
2. Rockstrom J, Nuhu Hatibu, Theib Oweis and Wani SP. 2007. ‘Managing Water
in Rainfed Agriculture’ in Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive
Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (ed. David Molden). London,
UK: Earthscan and Colombo, Srilanka: IWMI. Pages 315-348.
3. Wani SP, Sreedevi TK, Rockström J and Ramakrishna YS. 2009. ‘Rainfed
agriculture: Past trend and future prospects’. In: Wani S.P, Rockström J and
Oweis T (eds) Rain-fed agriculture: Unlocking the Potential. Comprehensive
Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series. CAB International,
Wallingford, UK. Pages 1-35.
4. Wani SP, Yin Dixin, Zhong Li, Dar WD and Girish Chander, 2012. ‘Enhancing
agricultural productivity and rural incomes through sustainable use of natural
resources in the semi-arid tropics’. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,
92. Pages 1054–1063.
5. Rockstrom J, Louise Karlberg, Wani SP, Jenni Barron, Nuhu Hatibu, Theib
Oweis, Adriana Bruggeman, Jalali Farahani and Zhu Qiang. 2010. ‘Managing
water in rainfed agriculture – The need for a paradigm shift’. Agricultural Water
Management. 97: 543-550.
6. Wani SP, Ramakrishna YS, Sreedevi TK, Long TD, Thawilkal Wangkahart,
Shiferaw B, Pathak P and Keshava Rao AVR. 2006. ‘Issues, Concept, Approaches
Practices in the Integrated Watershed Management: Experience and lessons from
Asia. In: Integrated Management of Watershed for Agricultural Diversification and
Sustainable Livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa: Lessons and Experiences
from Semi-Arid South Asia. Proceedings of the International Workshop held
during 6-7 December 2004 at Nairobi, Kenya, pages 17-36.
7. Sreedevi TK, Shiferaw B and Wani SP. 2004. Adarsha watershed in Kothapally:
understanding the drivers of higher impact. Global Theme on Agroecosystems
Report no. 10. Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: ICRISAT. 24 pp.
8. Sahrawat KL, Rego TJ, Wani SP and Pardhasaradhi G. 2008. ‘Stretching soil
sampling to watersheds: Evaluation of soil-test parameters in a semi-arid tropical
watershed’. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39: 2950-2960.
9. Wani SP, Joshi PK, Raju KV, Sreedevi TK, Mike Wilson, Amita Shah, Diwakar PG,
Palanisami K, Marimuthu S, Ramakrishna YS, Meenakshi Sundaram SS, Marcella
D’Souza (2008). Community Watershed as Growth Engine for Development of
Dry land Areas: A Comprehensive Assessment of Watershed Programs in India.
Patancheru 502324, AP, India, ICRISAT.
10. Government of India. 2008. Common guidelines for watershed development
projects. Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development,
Government of India, New Delhi.
11. Garg K.K. and Wani S.P. 2012. Opportunities to build groundwater resilience in
the semi-arid tropics. Groundwater, DOI-10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01007.
12. Sreedevi TK, Wani SP, Sudi R, Patel MS, Jayesh T, Singh SN and Tushah Shah.
2006. On-site and Off-site Impact of Watershed Development: A Case Study of
Rajasamadhiyala, Gujarat, India. GTAES Report No. 20. Patancheru 502324, AP,
India: ICRISAT. 48 pp.
Figure Sources:
- Wani SP, Sreedevi TK, Sudi R, Pathak P and Marcella D’Souza. 2010. Groundwater
Management an Important Driver for Sustainable Development and Management
of Watersheds in Dryland Areas. 2nd National Ground Water Congress. Govt. of
India. Ministry of Resources. 22 March 2010. New Delhi. pp. 195-209.
- Kaushal K. Garg and Suhas P. Wani. 2012 Opportunities to Build Groundwater
Resilience in the Semi-Arid Tropics. GROUNDWATER, National GroundWater
Association. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01007.x.
A blueprint for sustainable groundwater management in Balochistan, Pakistan
1. Custodio, E., Kretsinger, V. and Llamas, M.R. (2005). ‘Intensive development of
groundwater: concept, facts and suggestions’. Water Policy 7, 151–162.
2. Shah, T., Roy, A.D., Qureshi, A.S. and Wang, J. (2003). ‘Sustaining Asia’s groundwater
boom: an overview of issues and evidence’. Natural Resources Forum 27, 130–141
Mukherji, A. and Shah, T. (2005). ‘Groundwater socio-ecology and governance:
a review of institutions and polices in selected countries’. Hydrogeology Journal
13, 328–345
Shah, T., Singh, O.P. and Mukherji, A. (2006). ‘Some aspects of South Asia’s
groundwater irrigation economy: analyses from a survey in India, Pakistan, Nepal
Terai and Bangladesh’. Hydrogeology Journal (2006) 14: 286–309
Qureshi, A.S., Gill, M.A. and Sarwar, A. (2010). ‘Sustainable groundwater
management in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities’. Irrigation and Drainage
59, 107–116.
3. Khair, M.S, Mushtaq, S., Culas, R.J. and Hafeez, M. (2012). ‘Groundwater
markets under the water scarcity and declining watertable conditions: the upland
Balochistan Regiona of Pakistan’. Agricultural Systems 107, 21–32.
4. Van Steenbergen, F. and Oliemens, W. (2002). ‘A review of polices in
groundwater management in Pakistan 1950–2000’. Water Policy 4, 323–344
Van Steenbergen, F. (2006). ‘Promoting local management in groundwater’.
Hydrogeology Journal 14, 380–391
Theesfeld, I. (2010). ‘Institutional challenges for national groundwater governance:
policies and issues’. Ground Water 48, 131–142. Khair et al (2012) op cit.
5. Van Steenbergen (2006) op cit. Altaf, Z., Jasra, A.W., Aujla, K.M. and Khan S.A.
(1999). ‘Implication of government policies on water resources development
and management for value added agriculture in western mountains of Pakistan’.
International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 3, 154–158. Mustafa, D. and
Qazi, M.U. (2007). ‘Transition from karez to tubewell irrigation: development,
modernization and social capital in Balochistan, Pakistan’. World Development
35, 1796–1813.
6. Gardner, R., Ostrom, E. and Walker, J.M. (1990). ‘The nature of common-pool
resource problems’. Rationality and Society 2, 335–358. Madani, K. and Dinar,
A. (2011). ‘Policy implications of institutional arrangements for sustainable
management of common pool resources: the case of groundwater’. Bearing
Knowledge for Sustainability, World Environmental and Water Resources
Congress 2011, 981.
7. Karezes are manmade sub-surface horizontal tunnels/galleries constructed to tap
groundwater in the upper limits of the valley floor/piedmont plan and eventually
deliver it at lower level lands by gravity. A well called the mother well is dug near
the foot of the mountain where groundwater is available. This is followed by a
series of wells at intervals of 60-100 metres; all of these wells are connected by an
underground tunnel. Source: Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)
(1993). Groundwater resources of Balochistan Province, Pakistan. WAPDA, Lahore.
8. Van Steenbergen (2006) op cit.
9. Altaf et al (1999) op cit. Verheijen, O. (1998). Community irrigation systems in
the Province of Balochistan. International Water Management Institute, Lahore.
10. Qureshi et al (2010) op cit.
11. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Pakistan and Government of Balochistan (2000). Balochistan conservation
strategy. Karachi, Pakistan: IUCN Pakistan and Government of Balochistan.
12. Nielsen, H.Ø., Frederiksen, P., Saarikoski, H., Rytkönen, A.-M. and Pedersen, A.B.
(2013). ‘How different institutional arrangements promote integrated river basin
management. Evidence from the Baltic Sea Region’. Land Use Policy 30, 437–445.
Nesheim, I., McNeill, D., Joy, K.J., Manasi, S., Nhung, D.T.K., Portela, M.M. and
Paranjape, S. (2010). ‘The challenge and status of IWRM in four river basins in
Europe and Asia’. Irrigation and Drainage Systems 24, 205–221.
13. Pahl-Wostl, C. and Kranz, N. (2010). ‘Water governance in times of change’.
Environmental Science & Policy 13, 567–570.
Image source:
- ‘Groundwater governance, tubewell development projects and policies over time’
image source:
- Khair M.S (2013). The Efficacy of Groundwater Markets on Agricultural
Productivity and Resource Use Sustainability: Evidence from the Upland
Balochistan Region of Pakistan. Unpublished PhD thesis, Charles Sturt University,
Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
Environmental rehabilitation of the Lake Pátzcuaro watershed, Michoacán, Mexico
English translation: Emilio García Díaz, IMTA.
1. The workshop was based on a popular hide-and-seek game where children hide
from the seeker and then, by cooperating in distracting the seeker one of them
tries to avoid him/her in order to reach a previously-agreed ‘safe spot’ yelling
“one, two, three for me and all my friends” – thus being safe from the seeker and
saving all the other members of the team. The idea here is to teach children to
cooperate to save the watershed.
Preparing Denmark for climate changes
The Prepared project: ; Aarhus Vand:
Developing community water services and cooperation in Finland and the South
1. Finnish Water Forum:
Examples of cooperation in the Czech Republic flood forecasting
and information service
1.
2. Scientec, Flussmanagement GmbH. (2007) Feasibility study – Langfrist-
Hochwasserprognose March, Brno, St. Pölten, Bratislava, Linz.
3. Starý, M. (1991–2008) ‚HYDROG – Program system for the simulation, operative
forecast and operative control of water runoff during the passage of floods‘.
Táborská 110, Brno, Czech Republic. .
Better late than never
1. World Conference on Cultural Policies (MONDIACULT), Mexico City, 06 August
1982:
en.pdf/mexico_en.pdf.
Notes and References