The Full Picture

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CBERS – the Chinese-Brazilian Earth Resources Satellite Program
1. Epiphanio, J.C.N. 2005. ‘Joint China-Brazil
Remote Sensing Satellites’. GIM International, (19), 2:68-71, 2005.
2. Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium, April 2007,
Building a European service capacity for monitoring our environment: current achievements,
operational perspectives and new challenges
1. and
2.
climate_change/sernreview_index.cfm
Capacity building networks for Earth observation and Geo-ICT: a first step towards a virtual
university
1. Friedman, Th. 2005: The World is Flat . Penguin Books Ltd, London, UK, 2006, 593 pp.
2. Molenaar, M. and S. Beerens, 2005: From “building capacity to building on capacity”: The
example of the international geo-information community, Nuffic, Den Haag, 2005,
3. OECD/DAC, 1997: Capacity development in environment. (Development Assistance
Committee). Paris: Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
4. UNDP, 2003: Capacity Development Indicators - GEF Resource Kit (No. 4),
gef_monitoring_evaluation_documents/CapDevIndicator
5. Georgiadou, Y. and Groot, R. 2002: Beyond education: capacity building in geo-
informatics. GIM International 16: 40-43.
6. Molenaar, M. and S. Beerens, 2005: From “building capacity to building on capacity”: The
example of the international geo-information community, Nuffic, Den Haag, 2005,
7. Friedman, Th. 2005: The World is Flat . Penguin Books Ltd, London, UK, 2006, 593 pp.
8. Molenaar, M. and S. Beerens, 2005: From “building capacity to building on capacity”: The
example of the international geo-information community, Nuffic, Den Haag, 2005,
9. Ginkel, H. Van, 2005: Geo-Infromation benefitting Society: the Contribution of ITC with
UNU, ITC-News, 2005-4, pp 6 – 8.
10. Inter-Academy Council. 2004: Inventing a Better Future: A Strategy for Building Worldwide
Capacities in Science and Technology. 144 pp.
Further Reading
Henderson, J.C., J.B. Thomas and N. Venkatraman, 1992: Making Sense of IT: Strategic
Alignment and Organisational Context. Centre for Information Systems Research, MIT,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1992.
European Marine Core Service: global and regional ocean monitoring and forecasting, a
service to society
1. See the Chapter Argo – a global ocean observing system for the 21st century
2. A Centre for the Black Sea is under development.
3. Meteorological agencies, marine institutes and research centres in Norway, Denmark,
Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus, with more
participants being progressively engaged. The MERSEA Project is a major contributor to
the developments:
Linking GEOSS and European environmental monitoring
1. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 1998. Convention on Access
to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental
Matters. UNECE. [14 May 2007].
2. Klok C, Bredemeier M, Normander B, Preda E, Smulders M J M, Nieto A, Cociuffa C,
Delbaere B, Halada L, Petriccione B and Adamescu M. 2007. Aggregating biodiversity
indicators for policy purposes: sense or nonsense? Submitted.
3.
4.
5. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 2000. OECD Seminar
on Public Access to Environmental Information - Proceedings, ENV/EPOC/GEP(2000)8.
OECD: Paris.
Rosenström U, Lyytimäki J. 2006. ‘The role of indicators in improving timeliness of
international environmental reports’. European Environment 16(1): 32-44.
6. Rosenström U, Lyytimäki J. 2006. Ibid.
7. For example, ReportNet:
8. Haastrup P, Würtz J. 2007. Environmental data exchange for inland water. In Environmental
Data Exchange Network for Inland Water, Haastrup P, Würtz J (eds.). Elsevier: Amsterdam, pp
3-16.
9.
10.
11. GEOSS 2005. The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) 10-Year
Implementation Plan, 11 pp. Adopted at Third Earth Observation Summit on 16 February
2005.
12.
Prediction systems
The socio-economic and environmental benefits of a revolution in weather, climate and
Earth-system analysis and prediction
1. This document was prepared by scientists from the World Weather Research Programme
(WWRP), World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), International Geosphere-
Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and the natural-hazards and socioeconomic communities.
The authors’ individual affiliations are as follows:
Melvyn Shapiro, Joint Steering Committee, World Meteorological Organization (WMO)-
World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) at the National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Weather and Air Quality, USA
Jagadish Shukla, Professor, George Mason University (GMU), and President, Institute of
Global Environment & Society (IGES), USA
Brian Hoskins, Head, Dynamical Processes Group, Dept. of Meteorology, Univ. of Reading, UK
John Church, Chair, Joint Science Committee (JSC) of World Climate Research
Programme (WCRP) at CSIRO, Australia
Kevin Trenberth, Chair, WCRP Observations and Assimilation Panel at the National Center
for atmospheric Research (NCAR), USA
Michel Beland, President, WMO Commission on Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) at
Environment Canada's Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Canada
Guy Brasseur, Director, Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory and Associate Director of NCAR, USA
Mike Wallace, Professor, Dept. of Meteorology, Univ. of Washington, USA
Gordon McBean, Professor, Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction at University of
Western Ontario, Canada
Jim Caughey, Scientific Officer, THe Observing-system Research and Predictability
Experiment (THORPEX) at WMO, Geneva
Director, Health and Climate Foundation, Geneva
Gilbert Brunet, Chair, WMO-WWRP Joint Steering Committee (JSC) and Research Director
of Environment Canada
Leonard Barrie, Director, WMO-WWRP, Geneva
Ann Hendersen-Sellers, Director, WCRP at WMO, Geneva
David Burridge, Chair, WMO-THORPEX International Core Steering Committee (ICSC, Geneva
Tetsuo Nakazawa, Chair, Asian Regional Committee for THORPEX, Meteorological
Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan
Martin Miller, Chair, WMO-CAS/WCRP Working Group on Numerical Experimentation
(WGNE) at ECMWF, UK
Phillippe Bougeault, Head of Research, ECMWF, Reading, UK
Rick Anthes, President of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, USA
Zoltan Toth, NOAA/NCEP Environmental Modeling Center, USA
2. The Earth system encompasses the atmosphere and its chemical composition, the oceans,
land/sea-ice and other cryosphere components; the land-surface, including surface
hydrology and wetlands, lakes; and short-timescale phenomena that result from the
interaction between one or more components, such as ocean waves and storm surge. On
longer timescales (e.g. climate), the terrestrial and ocean ecosystems, including the carbon
and nitrogen cycles and slowly varying cryosphere components, e.g. the large continental
ice sheets and permafrost, would also be considered to be part of the Earth system.
3. IPCC, 2007
All-hazards, all-media public warning standard
1. Common Alerting Protocol Version 1.1. Committee Specification, OASIS Emergency
Management Technical Committee. September 2005. Available at:
2. Official CAP alerts from the US Geological Survey available at
Experimental CAP alerts from the US National Weather Service available at
The North American Drought Monitor and a Global Drought Early Warning System
1. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1995: National Mitigation Strategy: Partnerships
for Building Safer Communities. Washington, D.C.
2. Blair Trewin, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, personal communication, August 9, 2007.
3. Nicholls, Neville, 2004: The Changing Nature of Australian Droughts, Climatic Change 63:
323–336.
4. Dai, A., T. Trenberth, and K. E. Qian, 2004: A global dataset of Palmer Drought Severity
Index for 1870-2002: relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming,
Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5 (December), 117-130.
5. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working
Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor
and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and
New York, NY, USA, 996 pp.
6. United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks Publications, 2006: “Africa:
Economies worst placed to cope with knock-on effects of drought.”
5c7e08be54925713f000fe823?.
7. Participating organizations in the North American Drought Monitor programme include
the National Meteorological Service of Mexico, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center,
NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, USDA's Joint Agricultural Weather Facility, the US
National Drought Mitigation Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, and the
Meteorological Service of Canada.
8. Lawrimore, J., R.R. Heim, Jr., M. Svoboda, V. Swail, and P.J. Englehart, 2002: Beginning a
new era of drought monitoring across North America. Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society, 83 (8), 1191-1192.
9. National Integrated Drought Information System Near-Term Opportunity Plan, 2006,
.
III
GEOSS SOCIETAL BENEFIT AREAS
Disasters
Disaster risk management: an investment in development
1. Statistics from the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED).
2. International initiatives in support of early warning systems include (i) three International
Early Warning Conferences sponsored and hosted by Government of Germany, (ii) the
International Early Warning Programme (IEWP) launched at the Second International Early
Warning Conference and supported by the Platform for the Promotion of the Early Warning
Systems (PPEW) Secretariat, (iii) Recognition of early warning systems as an integral part of
disaster risk reduction within the G8 summit (2005) and UN General Assembly Resolutions,
(iv) Report of the Global Survey of Early Warning Systems requested by former UNSG, Kofi
Annan, and (v) First Multi-Agency International Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning
Systems, convened by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in May 2006.
3. Approved by the WMO Congress in May 2003
About the authors:
Dr. Golnaraghi joined the WMO in 2004 to head up its new Disaster Risk Reduction
Programme. In this capacity, she has (i) developed Programme’s strategic goals and
implementation plan, with particular focus on building international cooperation programmes in
risk assessment, early warning systems and financial risk transfer markets, which was adopted by
188 countries, (ii) built bi- and multi-lateral partnerships among UN and international agencies
and private sector, and (iii) initiated fund raising with international financial and development
institutions to support national and regional projects in developing and least developed
countries. Dr. Golnaraghi serves in a number of international committees and advisory groups.
Prior to WMO, she was the CEO of Climate Risk Solutions, Inc., a consulting firm
headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, providing innovative risk management solutions for
energy, agricultural and financial sectors with a focus on Catastrophe Insurance and Weather
Risk Management, based on the latest scientific and technological developments in the fields of
climate and meteorology. Dr. Golnaraghi holds a . in Chemical Engineering from Cornell