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From Tbilisi to Bonn: an important journey in the historical context of ESD
1 An adjectival education is one that addresses a specific societal need that has arisen and is not dealt with
adequately by the traditional core disciplines. The new specific issue to be addressed within the education system
becomes the descriptive adjective that modifies the noun ‘education’. There are more than a hundred such
adjectival education topics and school systems have great difficulty dealing with these, as they often require a large
amount of professional development on the part of teachers and other staff. Some examples are peace education,
HIV AIDS education and environmental education.
Learning from each other
1 Learning from each other: the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Strategy for Education for
Sustainable Development. United Nations: New York and Geneva, 2009 (ECE/CEP/159).
2 Good practices in Education for Sustainable Development in the UNECE region. UNESCO/UNECE, Education for
Sustainable Development in Action, Good Practices No.2, August 2007.
3 Addressing sustainable consumption, production and transportation through education for sustainable
development: analysis of good practices (ECE/AC.25/2009/4); and the compilation of good practices (ECE/
AC.25/2009/5); available from
4 Learning from each other: achievements, challenges and the way forward. Report on progress in implementation
of the UNECE strategy for ESD (ECE/BELGRADE.CONF/2007/INF/3 - ECE/CEP/AC.13/2007/2); and
Addendum on conclusions on the reporting process and on the use of indicators (ECE/BELGRADE.CONF/2007/
INF/3/Add.1 - ECE/CEP/AC.13/2007/2/Add.1), available from
For our common future: education for sustainable development
1 Available from
2 United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (1995). Sustainable Human Development.
3 Annan, Kofi A. Preventing War and Disaster: A Growing Global Challenge (1999). United Nations Annual Report on
the Work of the Organization, p.4.
4 Further information on the Global Higher Education for Sustainability Partnership is available at
iau/ghesp.
5 See
6 The text of the Earth Charter is available at
7 On Regional Centres of Expertise (RCEs), see also: Fadeeva, Z. (2007). From centre of excellence to centre of
expertise: Regional Centres of Expertise on Education for Sustainable Development. In Arjen E.J. Wals, Social
learning towards a sustainable world: principles, perspectives and practice, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic
Publishers, pp.245-264; and Glasser, Harold (2008). Interview with Hans van Ginkel: on the vision, history
and status of the Regional Centres of Expertise in the ESD programme. In Journal of Education for Sustainable
Development, vol.2 (2), September, pp.109-117.
What is learning for sustainable development?
1 Hail and others (2008). WWF Living Planet. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), available from www.
and UN Human Development Report, UNDP 2010, available from
en/reports/global/hdr2010.
2 Rosen, Electris and Raskin (2010), 1.
3 Sterling (2004), 50.
4 Williams (2004), 4.
5 See Education for Sustainable Development Toolkit at UNESCO’s Teaching and Learning for
a Sustainable Future at and Learning for a Sustainable Future at
what-is-esd/esd-learning-outcomes
6 Available from
7 Available from
8 Available from
9 UK National Commission for UNESCO, 2010.
Further references
- Forum for the Future/UCAS (2008). The Future Leaders Survey 07/08. Forum for the Future/UCAS, London.
- Sterling, S. (2004). Higher education, sustainability and the role of systemic learning, in P.B. Corcoran and A.Wals,
eds. HigherEducationand theChallengeofSustainability:Contestation,Critique,Practice,andPromise. Kluwer Academic.
- Williams, M. (2004). Preface. In Potter, N. and others, See Change – Learning and education for sustainability,
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment. Wellington, New Zealand.
- Rosen, R. and others (2010). Global Scenarios for the Century Ahead: Searching for Sustainability. See
publications/files/Global_Scenarios_for_the_Century_Ahead.pdf Accessed 10 July 2010.
- Hails, C. and others (2008). See
Accessed July 10, 2010.
- UK National Commission for UNESCO ESD Co-ordinating Group (2010). Education for Sustainable Development in
the UK in 2010, UK National Commission for UNESCO, London.
Sustainable school feeding
1 Ahmed, A.U. (2004). Assessing the performance of conditional cash transfers programs for girls and boys in primary and
secondary schools in Bangladesh. Washington, DC: IFPRI. 85 pp.
2 Drèze, J. and Kingdon, G.G. (2001). School participation in rural India.Review of Development Economics, 5: 1-24.
3 Lazamaniah, A. and others (1999). Impact of Mid-Day Meal Program in educational and nutritional status of
school children. Indian Pediatrics, 36: 1221-1228.
4 Latham, M.C. and others (2003). Efficacy trials of a micronutrient dietary supplement in schoolchildren and
pregnant women in Tanzania. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 24: S120-S128.
5 Van Stuijvenberg, M.E. (2005). Using the school feeding system as a vehicle for micronutrient fortification:
experience from South Africa. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 26: S213-S219.
6 Solon, F.S and others (2003). Effect of a multiple-micronutrient-fortified fruit powder beverage on the nutrition
status, physical fitness, and cognitive performance of schoolchildren in the Philippines. Food and Nutrition Bulletin,
24: S129-140.
7 Grillenberger, M. and others (2003). Animal source foods to improve micronutrient nutrition and human function
in developing countries. Journal of Nutrition, 133(11S-II). Supplement.
8 Andang’o, P.E.A. and others (2007). Efficacy of iron-fortified whole maize flour on iron status of schoolchildren in
Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 369: 1799–1806.
9 Adelman, S and others (2008).The impact of alternative food for education programs on child nutrition in northern
Uganda. Washington, DC, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
10 Bundy, D. (2005). School-based health and nutrition programs. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 26: S186-S192.
11 FAO (2009). The State of Food Insecurity in the World.
12 Summers, L.H. (1992). Educating All the Children. Policy Research Working Papers Series. Washington, DC: World
Bank.
13 World Bank (2007). Girls’ education in the 21st century. Washington, DC.
14 Gelli, A., Meir, U. and Espejo, F. (2007). Does provision of food in school increase girls’ enrolment? Evidence
from schools in sub-Saharan Africa’.Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28: pp. 149-155.
15 Ahmed, A.U. (2004).Assessing the performance of conditional cash transfers programs for girls and boys in primary and
secondary Schools in Bangladesh. Washington, DC, IFPRI. 85 pp.
16 World Bank (2009). Averting a human crisis during the global downturn. Conference Edition, Washington, DC.
17 Paruzzolo, S. (2009). The impact of programs relating to child labour prevention and children’s protection. Understanding
Children’s Work Project, ILO, UNICEF, World Bank.
18 Brinkman, H.J. and others (2007). Home-grown school feeding to support local farmers in Africa. Paper presented
to the WFP.
19 Bundy, D. and others (2009). Rethinking school feeding: social safety nets, child development and the education sector.
Washington, DC, WFP and World Bank.
How the Education for Rural People policy contributes to sustainable development
1 “… the Organization shall promote and, where appropriate, shall recommend national and international action
with respect to:... the improvement of education… relating to nutrition, food and agriculture, and the spread of
public knowledge of nutritional and agricultural science and practice…”. FAO (1945). Article I, 2b.
2 FAO (1945). Preamble.
3 Available from
4 The Fast Track Initiative (FTI) is a partnership of developing countries and donors created to help low-income
countries achieve the EFA and the Millennium Development Goal of universal completion of primary education
by 2015
Desertification is not about deserts: meeting drylands challenges through education
1 The full formal title is: The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries
Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa.
2 Available from
3 Available from
4 See Resolutions A/RES/62/195 of 19 February 2008 and A/C.2/64/L.67 of 7 December 2009.
5 Results published at per cent20Poster per cent20District per cent20Ranking.pdf.
Integrating sustainability in teaching and learning: the role of the Earth Charter
1.
The private sector and education for sustainable development
1 Welford, R. and Fadeeva, Z. (2006).Education for Sustainable Development: Private Sector Engagement. UNESCO
Asia-Pacific Programme of Educational Innovation for Development (APEID), Bangkok.
Further references:
- UNESCO-UNEVOC Website on TVET and Sustainable Development. See
cache=1&tx_drwiki_pi1[keyword]=Sustainable per cent20Development
- UNEP (2008). Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World. Available from
labour_environment/features/greenjobs.asp.
- Fien, J.,Maclean,R.andPark,Mon-Gon,eds. (2008).Work,LearningandSustainableDevelopment.Springer,Dordrecht.
Reaching young people with sexual and reproductive health and HIV information and services in Mozambique
i For more information, refer to The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD): Context and
Characteristics, by Mertens. Available from
1 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division (2004) The Impact of AIDS.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 UNAIDS (2009).AIDS Epidemic Update 2009.
6 UNAIDS (2008).Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.
7 Personal communication with the Representative of Conselho Nacional de Combate ao HIV/SIDA (National AIDS
Council)
8 Conselho Nacional de Combato ao HIV/SIDA (CNCS) (2004). National Strategic Plan for the Combat against
HIV/AIDS: Operationalisation 2005-2009.
9 UNAIDS (2008).Mozambique Country Situation.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 Ministry of Health/National Institute of Health (2009). National Survey on the Prevalence, Behavioral Risks and
Information about HIV & AIDS in Mozambique, INSIDA 2009.
13 UNAIDS (2008).Mozambique Country Situation.
14 Norad (2007). External Evaluation Report, Geração Biz Programme, Mozambique: Progress and Challenges.
15 Norad (2007). External Evaluation Report, Geração Biz Programme, Mozambique: Progress and Challenges.
16 DANIDA.The Geração Biz Programme: Growing up without fear.
17 Personal communication with UNFPA Mozambique Country Office, Aug 27, 2010.
18 CIA Factbook: Mozambique. Accessed on 13 April 2010.www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/
mz.html
19 Personal communication with UNFPA Mozambique Country Office, 27 August 2010.
20 C 13April2010. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mz.html
21 Personal communication with UNFPA Mozambique Country Office, 27 August 2010
22 Geração Biz Programme (2006): 7 Years Making the Difference.
Notes and References