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Climate, man and forest fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
Domingos Xavier Viegas, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Coimbra, Portugal
The Portuguese Institute of Meteorology and forest fires . . . . . . . . . . .150
Luis Pessanha, Julia Silva and Teresa Abrantes,
Instituto de Meteorologia, Portugal
Battling extreme weather under a temperate climate – Hungary . . . . .152
Gyuró, Gy., Á. Horváth, M. Lakatos, S. Szalai and J. Mika, Hungarian
Meteorological Service
IV
E
NVIRONMENT
Knowledge for sustainable development: assessing a decade of
African climate forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Jordan R. Winkler, Boston University
Anthony Patt, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Kabineh Konneh, NOAA Climate Programs Office
Environment, efficiency and solidarity: a challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158
Cristina Narbona, Environment Minister of Spain
The African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable Development
Initiative: a timely initiative to save an endangered continent . . . . . . . .160
Paul Counet, The European Organisation for the Exploitation
of Meteorological Satellites
Climate information applications for sustainable development in Africa . .163
Dr Leonard N. Njau, Mr. Mohamed Kadi, Marie Christine Dufresne,
Jocelyn Perrin, Dr Anthony Patt, and Dr Andre Kamga
Satellite observations of the increasing nitrogen dioxide
emissions in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166
Ronald van der A, Bas Mijling, Jeroen Kuenen, Ernst Meijer,
Hennie Kelder, KNMI
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: weather, climate and environment in a
precarious balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
David G. Aubrey, PhD, Woods Hole Group Middle East, representing the
Presidency of Meteorology and Environment, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;
Dr Sameer A. Bukhari, Presidency of Meteorology and Environment,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Saving the public from the Asian Dust Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Nam Jae-Cheol, Korean Meteorological Administration
V
A
SSESSMENT
M
ETHODOLOGIES
Methodologies for assessing the economic benefits of National
Meteorological and Hydrological Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
Jeffrey K. Lazo, National Center for Atmospheric Research
Thomas J. Teisberg, Teisberg Associates
Rodney F. Weiher, Chief Economist, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration
Evaluating the value of seasonal climate forecasts for subsistence farmers:
lessons from NOAA applications research in Zimbabwe…179
Anthony Patt, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria
Economics of weather impacts and weather forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182
Jeffrey K. Lazo, National Center for Atmospheric Research, US
Moving from hindsight to foresight: a challenge in the application of
valuation research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Brian Mills, Adaptation and Impacts Research Division,
Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada
Customizing methods for assessing economic benefits of
hydrometeorological services and modernization programmes:
benchmarking and sector-specific assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
V. Tsirkunov, S. Ulatov, M. Smetanina, A. Korshunov, World Bank
The value of weather forecasts: quality, decision-making
and outcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Erik Liljas, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
A
NNEXES
Resolution 40 (Cg-XII)
WMO policy and practice for the exchange of meteorological and
related data and products including guidelines on relationships in
commercial meteorological activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Resolution 25 (Cg-XIII)
Exchange of hydrological data and products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Executive council statement on the role and operation of national
meteorological and hydrological services for decision-makers . . . . . . . .198
Geneva declaration of the Thirteenth
World Meteorological Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200
WMO statement on the status of weather modification . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Draft recommendation
Rec. 16/2 (CAgM-XIV) – Drought and desertification . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
WMO statement on the scientific basis for, and limitations of
weather and climate forecasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Notes & References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Photo: Mr. Jorge Jenkins, PAHO