Elements for Life

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The following are notes and bibliographical references to the articles contained within Elements
for Life, as provided by the individual authors. For further information on any article or author,
please contact the publisher.
I
POLICY PLANNING & GOVERNANCE
Weather, climate, water and air quality, and the risk to development
1. United Nations, 2000: United Nations Millennium Declaration, General Assembly
Resolution A/Res/55/2, 18 September 2000, p. 6.
2. UNDP, 2004: Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development, A Global Report. United
Nations Development Programme, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, 146pp.
3. Munich Re 2002: Topics: annual review, natural catastrophes 2002, Munich, p. 15.
4. DFID (Department for International Development), 2006: Reducing the Risks of Disasters
– Helping to Achieve Sustainable Poverty Reduction in a Vulnerable World: A DFID policy
paper. 30 pp. Available from .
5. UNDP, 2004 op. cit .
6. World Disaster Report 2002: Focus on Reducing Risk. International Federation of the Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies )
7. Davidson, J. and M.C. Wong, 2005: WMO Guidelines on Integrating Severe Weather
Warnings in Disaster Risk Management, with contributions from C.Y. Lam, C. Alex, S.
Wass, C. Dupuy. PWS-13, Haleh Kootval (ed.), WMO/TD No. 1292.
8. Stern, N, 2006: Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change. Cambridge University
Press, 579 pp. van Aalst, M., 2006: Managing Climate Risk. Integrating Adaptation into
World Bank Group Operations. The International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, 32 pp.
9. UNDP, 2004 op. cit.
10. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2005a: Statement on the Role and Operation
of Meteorological Services , 2pp
11. van Aalst, M. 2006 op.cit.
12. Bettencourt, S., R. Croad, P. Freeman, J. Hay, R. Jones, P. King, P. Lal, A. Mearns, G.
Miller, I. Pswarayi- Riddihough, A. Simpson, N. Teuatabo, U. Trotz and M. va n Aalst,
2006: Not if, but when: adapting to natural hazards in the Pacific Islands region. A Policy
Note, World Bank Washington, DC.
13. van Aalst, M., 2006 op. cit.
Ocean data, information, products and predictions in the service of society
1. This article is a condensed and modified version of the article: ‘Ocean data, products
and predictions in the service of society’ by P.E. Dexter, WMO Bulletin Vol. 54, No. 4,
October 2005.
The climatic and meteorological vulnerability of the population and economy of Russia as
a factor in safe and sustainable development
1. Article prepared using material from the report ‘The meteorological vulnerability and
sustainable development of Russia’ by A.I. Bedritsky, Korshunov, L. Khandozhko and Z.
Shaimardanov, for the International Conference on Problems of Hydrometeorological
Security, Moscow, 26-29 September 2006.
Technical cooperation for weather, water and climate services in developing countries
1. The author is very grateful for contributions from members of the WMO Informal Planning
Meeting on the Voluntary Cooperation Programme, especially Penehuro Lefale, MetService,
New Zealand, Christian Blondin, Météo-France, Ven Tsui, Bureau of Meteorology Australia,
Tom Butcher, Met Office, UK
2. World Meteorological Organization (2007), The WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme
(VCP), Retrieved 17.01.2007 from .
3. Kaul, I., Conceicao, P., Le Goulven, K & Mendoza, R.U. (2003) ‘Why do global public
goods matter today?’ in Kaul, I., Conceicao, P., Le Goulven, K & Mendoza, R.U. (eds)
Providing global public goods , Oxford University Press for United Nations Development
Programme, New York. P. 14.
4. For details see:
Weather and climate information services for socio-economic benefit:
challenges in Japan
For further information see: JMA, 2005: Investigation on the improvement of agrometeorological
service (in Japanese). FUJITSU FIP Co., 2006: Development of techniques of probabilistic one-
month prediction products for major observation stations in Southeast Asia (in Japanese).
II
ECONOMIC & SOCIAL ISSUES & PERSPECTIVES
Agriculture
Global warming, climatic trends and climatic threats in Latin America and the Caribbean
1. IPCC, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to
the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. .
2. Ibid.
3. MA Secretariat, 2002: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment:Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Methods [Reid,W., N. Ash, E. Bennett, P. Kumar, M. Lee, N. Lucas, H. Simons,V.
Thompson, and M. Zurek (eds.)]. Millenium Assessment.
4. Campos, M., C. Hermosilla, J. Luna, M. Marin, J. Medrano, G. Medina, M. Vives, J.
Diaz, A. Gutierrez, and M. Dieguez, 1997: Global Warming and the Impacts of Sea Level
Rise for Central America: an Estimation of Vulnerability. Workshop organized by U.S. EPA,
Chinese Taipei, USCSP, Government of The Netherlands, and NOAA, February 2428,
1997,Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China.
5. WMO, 2003: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002. Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project - Report No. 47, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland, 498 pp.
6. Porter, J.H., M.L. Parry and T.R. Carter, 1991: The potential effects of climate change on
agricultural insect pests. Agricultural/Forest Meteorology, 57, pp. 221-240.
7. Ibid.
8. Friederich, S. 1994: Wirkung veräderter Klimatischer factorem auf pflanzenschaedlinge.
In: Klimaveraenderungen und Landwirtschaft, Part II Landbauforsc, [Brunnert, H. and U.
Dämmgen (eds.)] Vlkenrode, 148, pp. 1726
9. Löpmeier, F.J., 1990: Klimaimpaktforschung aus agrarmeteorologischer sicht. Bayer.
Landw. Jarhb., 67(1), 185190
– Parry, M.L., J.H. Porter and T.R. Carter, 1990: Agriculture: climate change and its
implications. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 5, pp. 318-322.
– Parry, M., T.R. Carter, and N.T. Konijn (eds.), 1988: The Impact of Climatic
Variations on Agriculture. Vol. 2, Assessment in Semi-Arid Regions. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 764 pp.
10. Treharne, K., 1989: The implications of the “greenhouse effect” for fertilizer and
agrochemicals. In: The Greenhouse Effect and UK Agriculture 19[de Bennet, R.M. (ed.)].
Centre for Agricultural Strategy, University of Reading, United Kingdom, pp. 6778.
11. ‘Management of early warning systems,’ GCOS, 2003: The Second Report on the Adequacy
of the Global Observing Systems for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC. WMO-IOC-UNEP-
ICS, GCOS-82,Technical Document No. 1143, World Meteorological Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland, 85 pp.
12. Parry et al. 1988. Op. Cit.
– Downing, T.E., 1992: Climate Change and Vulnerasble places: Global Food Security and
country studies in Zimbawe, Kenya, Senegal and Chile. Research Report 1, Environmental
Change Unit, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,54 pp.
– GEF 2006, A conceptual design tool for exploiting interlinkages between the focal areas of
the GEF Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP)
13. As analysed in Reilly, J., N. Hohmann, and S. Kane, 1994: Climate change and
agricultural trade: who benefits, who loses? Global Environmental Change, 4(1), 2436.
Further reference:
Campos, M., 1996: Estimación de la Vulnerabllidad de los Recursos Hidricos, Marinos-Costeros y
Agricolas en Centroamerrica, ante un Potencial Cambio Climático, USCSP/Proyecto
Centroamericano sobre Cambio Climático (in press).
NRC, 2002: Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises. Committee on Abrupt Climate Change,
Ocean Studies Board, Polar Research Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,
Division on Earth and Life Sciences, National Research Council, National Academy
Press,Washington, DC, USA, 230 pp.
Santibañez Q.F. 1991 Possible variations agroclimatiques en Amerique de Sud, au XXIème
siècle. La Météorologie (38) :17-24, France van Dam, R., Gitay, H. and Finlayson, M. 2002.
Wetlands and Climate Change 2003. Ramsar Convention COP paper.
Weather and climate in agriculture in the Caribbean
1. Rijks D and Baradas M. W. (2000) The clients for agrometeorological information.
Agricultural and Forest Meterology 103: 27-42.
2. Hansen J.W., Dilley M., Goddard L., Ebrahimian E. and Erickson P. (2004) Climate
variability and the Millennium Development Goal hunger target. International Research
Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI) Technical Report No. 04-04.
3.
4. Atkins V. J. (2005) Priorities for the rationalisation of regional agricultural production and
trade in the CSME. Invited paper presented to the joint INTAL – UWI/IIR seminar on “The
CSME: Status, Issues and Priorities” UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, 24 November
5.
6. Hansen, op. cit.
7. Trotman (1994) Agroclimatic study of Barbados 1970 to 1990: Rainfall. Technical Note
No. 28. Caribbean Meteorological Institute.
8. OECS (2005) Grenada: Macro-Socio-Economic Assessment of the damages caused by
Hurricane Ivan September 7,2004. Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, OECS
2004.
9. ECLAC (2005) Guyana: socio-economic assessment of the damages and losses caused
by the January-February 2005 flooding. Economic Commision for Latin American and
the Caribbean
10. Chen A. A., Falloon T. and Taylor M. (2005) Monitoring agricultural drought in the
Caribbean. In Boken, V.K., Cracknell A.P. and Heathcote R. L. eds. Monitoring and
predicting agricultural drought: A global study. Oxford University Press.
11. Trotz, U., Trotman, A. and Narayan K (2001) Climate change impacts on agriculture,
water resources and coastal environments in the Caribbean. In: Land and Water Resources
in the Caribbean (Paul, C.L and Opadeyi, J. eds.). Chapter 4 pp 73 – 107. CLAWRENET,
of PROCICARIBE, CARDI, St. Augustine Campus, University of the West Indies,
Trinidad & Tobago.
12. Narayan K. (2006) Climate change impacts on water resources in Guyana. Climate
Variability and Change – Hydrological Impacts. Proceedings of the Fifth Friend World
Conference, Havana, Cuba, IAHS, 413-417.
13. GECAFS (2005) Science plan and implementation strateg. Earth System Science
Partnership (IGBP, IHDP, WCRP, DIVERSITAS. Report No. 2; 36 pp, Wallingford.
.
14. Ibid, Figure 1
15. GECAFS (2006) Caribbean prototype GEC/Food System scenarios.
Notes and References