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Today’s education for tomorrow’s disaster risk reduction
1. See UN General Assembly resolution, A/RES/62/192 (11 February 2008).
2.
Further information:
Ecosystems and community resilience: the co-benefits of partnerships
1. ‘Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis’. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005 (Island Press,
Washington, DC)
2. Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability,IPCC Working Group II Report
3. McLaughlin, 2002
4. Batagoda, 2003
5. Ruitenbeek, 1992
6. Sathirathai and Barbier, 2001
7. ‘From our origins to the future’, Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development: 2002
8. ‘Synthesis for Policymakers’.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005 (Island Press, Washington, DC)
9. IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001)
10. UK Climate Impact Programme (UK CIP, 2003)
11. UNDP (2005)
Preparing now – international cooperation for future resilience
1. United Nations Development Programme, Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world.
(Human Development Report, 2007/2008)
2. Economic Costs of Natural Disasters in Australia 2001(Bureau of Transport Economics, Report 103)
3. Professor Alan Dupont , Dr Graeme Pearman, Heating up the planet: climate change and security. (AM, 2006)
4. Key Issues for the 42nd Parliament 2007 (Parliamentary Library Briefing Book, Information, Analysis and
Advice for the Parliament, Department of Parliamentary Services)
5. Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change (HM Treasury, United Kingdom, 2006)
6. Benefits of flood mitigation in Australia 2002. (Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics, Report 106)
7. PM Address to the East Asia Forum in conjunction with the Australian National University (Advancing
Australia’s Global and Regional Economic Interests, 26 March 2008)
Rising to the disaster-resilience challenge
1. National Science and Technology Council, 2005, Grand Challenges for Disaster Reduction. White House
Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington DC, 21 pp.
2. Perry, Suzanne, Dale Cox, Lucile Jones et al, 2008, ‘The ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario – A story that
Southern Californians are writing’. US Geological Survey Circular 1324, 16 pp.
About the author:
David Applegate is chair of the National Science and Technology Council’s Subcommittee on Disaster
Reduction, and is the senior science advisor for earthquake and geologic hazards at the US Geological Survey.
The Grand Challenges For Disaster Reduction and accompanying implementation plans are available at
. Applegate can be reached at The text is modified from a column
that first appeared in Science News.
US Grand Challenges for Disaster Reduction: interagency priority actions for human and ecosystem
health hazards
1. Zohrabian, A., M.I. Meltzer, R. Ratard, K. Billah, N.A. Molinari, K. Roy, et al. ‘West Nile Virus economic
impact, Louisiana, 2002’. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Oct [2 June 2008]. Available
from
2. Gessner, B., 1996. ‘Epidemiology of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Outbreaks in Alaska’. Alaska’s Marine
Resources October 1996, Vol. 8, number 2, p.16-17
3. Anderson, D.M., P. Hoagland, Y. Kaoru and A.W. White, 2000. ‘Estimated Annual Economic Impact
from HABs in the US’. Woods Hole Massachusetts: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Sept. Issue,
WHOI-200-11, pp.1-96
4. Pimentel, D., R. Zuniga, D. Morrison, 2005. ‘Update on the environmental and economic costs
associated with alien-invasive species in the United States’. Ecological Economics 52, pp. 273-288
5. Louisiana Family Assistance Center, 2007. Reuniting the families of Katrina and Rita: Louisiana Family
Assistance Center,
Further references:
Plumley, F.G., and Z. Wei, 1996. ‘PSP: The Bacterial connection’. Alaska’s Marine ResourcesOctober 1996,
Vol. 8, number 2, p.12-13
Understanding communities’ needs for information and education
1. Pupavac, V (2001), ‘Misanthropy Without Borders: The International Children’s Rights Regime’,
Disasters 25 (2), 95–112
2. United Nations (2005), Draft Hyogo Declaration, World Conference on Disaster Reduction, January
2005, Kobe.
3. Balaban, V. (2006), ‘Psychological Assessment of Children in Disasters and Emergencies’, Disasters 30
(2), 178–198.
Chen, SH & Wu, YC (2006), ‘Changes of PTSD Symptoms and School Reconstruction: A Two-year
Prospective Study of Children and Adolescents after the Taiwan 921 Earthquake’, Natural Hazards
37:225–244, Springer.
Dengler, L. (2005), ‘The Role of Education in the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program’,
Natural Hazards 35: 141–153, Springer.
Dunbar, PK (2006), ‘Increasing public awareness of natural hazards via the Internet’, Natural Hazards,
Received: 10 February 2006/Accepted: 1 May 2006
Finnis K, Standring S, Johnston D & Ronan K (2004), ‘Children’s understanding of natural hazards in
Christchurch, New Zealand’, Australian Journal of Emergency Management Vol. 19: No 2, 11-20.
Izadkhah, Y. O. & H. Mahmood (2005), ‘Towards resilient communities in developing countries
through education of children for disaster preparedness’, International Journal of Emergency
Management (IJEM) Vol. 2: Issue 3, 138-148.
4. Mitchell P, Garner K, Provians L. & Portelli K. (2006), Cyclone Larry: tales of survival from the children of
North Queensland, Mothers Helping Others Inc & Ergon Energy, Innisfail
5. Anderson-Berry, LJ (2003), ‘Community Vulnerability to Tropical Cyclones: Cairns, 1996–2000’,
Natural Hazards 30: 209–232
6.
7. Goudie, D. (2004), Disruptive weather warnings and weather knowledge in remote Australian Indigenous
communities. Townsville: Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University, 28.
Available from
8. UN/ISDR. (2005b), Hyogo framework for action 2005-2015: Building the resilience of nations and
communities to disasters. World Conference on Disaster Reduction 18-22 January 2005, Kobe, Hyogo,
Japan, p. 9. Available from
9. Handmer, J. (2001), ‘Improving flood warnings in Europe: A research and policy agenda’,
Environmental Hazards, 3(1), 19-28.
Further references:
Balcombe, L. (2007), Perceptions of Preparedness for Bushfire: A Case Study of Tamborine Mountain thesis,
James Cook University, Townsville.
Balcombe, L. (2007), ‘Bushfires at the urban-rural interface’, in D King & A Cottrell (eds), Communities Living
with Hazards, Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 193-214.
Bushnell S, Balcombe L & Cottrell, A (2007), ‘Community and fire service perceptions of bushfire issues in
Tamborine Mountain: what’s the difference?’ The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Vol. 22, no. 3, 3-9.
Bushnell, S & Cottrell, A (2007), ‘Living with bushfires: What do people expect?’ in D King & A Cottrell (eds),
Communities Living with Hazards, Centre for Disaster Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 215-253.
Bushnell, S & Cottrell, A (2007), ‘Increasing community resilience to bushfire – implications from a North
Queensland community case study’, The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Vol.22, no. 2, 3-9.
Bushnell S, Cottrell A, Spillman M & Lowe, D (2006). Understanding communities project: Thuringowa bushfire
case study - technical report. Townsville: James Cook University. Available from
/CDS/Pages/bf_reports.html
Cottrell A, Lowe D, & Spillman, M. (2008)
/Bushfirereports_CRC/BRACS_RIBS%20PROJECT%20REPORT%20Final.pdf
UN/ISDR, (2005a), Hyogo framework for action 2005-2015. Geneva: Author. Available from
CDS Website:
All natural hazards risk awareness in Australia: examples of community engagement
1.
2. Copies of the project reports can be downloaded from:
Storm surge and wave frequency analyses are available for selected locations along the Queensland east
coast and can be viewed at: under ‘Tropical Cyclone Storm
Tide and Wave Frequency’.
Acknowledgements: Queensland Department of Emergency Services, Queensland Environmental Protection
Agency and Systems Engineering Australia Pty Ltd.
Safety at sea – building resilience and capacities of small-scale fishers in South Asia
1. The former Bay of Bengal Programme was converted into the Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-
Governmental Organisation (BOBP-IGO) in April 2003. Presently, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Sri
Lanka are members of the BOBP-IGO.
Author contact details:
Yugraj Singh Yadava, Director, Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation, 91 St Mary’s
Road, Abhiramapuram, Chennai – 600 018, Tamil Nadu, India.
Working with communities to Get Ready and Get Thru
1.
2. For further information on the New Zealand civil defence emergency management public education
programme, e-mail or visit
Building inherent resilience
1. The National Alliance of Disaster Risk Reduction (NADRR), New Delhi, 4 November 2007
New forms of private-public risk transfer: making societies more resilient
1. Swiss Re sigma report: ‘Natural catastrophes and man-made disasters in 2005’, February 2006
2. Swiss Re estimate published in sigma - January 2008
3. 2008 estimate by the World Bank.
A model for learnership training programmes in disaster management at higher education level: a South
African case study
1. Qualification obtained if students completed all 1st year masters modules and opted to exit
programme.
2. Dept of Agriculture, Dept of Health and Dept of Social Development.
3. Not necessarily as study leader for students’ research.
Climate change and disaster related risks to human health in South Asia
1. Bouma M.J., Kovats R.S., Goubet S.A., Cox H. and Haines A., ‘Global Assessment of El Nino’s
Disaster Burden’, The Lancet Vol. 350; (1997) p1435-1438
2. K. Rupa Kumar, K. Krishna Kumar, V. Prasanna, K.Kamala, N.R. Deshpande, S.K. Patwardhan and G.B.
Pant, `Future Climate Scenario’, In: Climate Change and India: Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation,
Ed.: P.R. Shukla, Subodh K. Sharma, N.H. Ravindranath, Amit Garg and S. Bhattacharya, (India,
Universities Press, 2003) p69-127
3. Rodo X., Pascual M., Fuchs G. and Faruque A.S.G., ‘ENSO and Cholera: A nonstationary Link related
to Climate Change?’, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 99, (20) (2002) p12901-12906
4. Hales S., Edwards S.J. and Kovats R.S., ‘Impacts on Health of Climate Extremes’. In: Climate Change
and Human Health: Risks and Responses. Eds. A.J. McMichael, D.H. Campbel-Lendrum, C.F. Coravalan,
K.L. Ebi, A.K. Githeko, J.D. Scheraga and A. Woodward, (Geneva, WHO, 2003)
5. Confalonieri, U., B. Menne, R. Akhtar, K.L. Ebi, M. Hauengue, R.S. Kovats, B. Revich and A.
Woodward, ‘Human health. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability’,
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds.
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2007) p391-431
6. Ahasan, M.R., G. Mohiuddin, S. Vayrynen, H. Ironkannas and R. Quddus, ‘Work-related problems in
metal handling tasks in Bangladesh: obstacles to the development of safety and health measures’,
Ergonomics Vol.42 (1999) p385-396
7. OCHA, 2003: India:HeatWave –Occurred: 20May 2003–5 June 2003.OCHA Situation Report No.1.
8. Akhtar, R., ‘Climate Change and Health and Heat Wave Mortality in India’, Global Environmental
Research, AIRIES, Vol. 11; no. 3 (2007) p51-57
National Physical Laboratory address:
Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi – 110012, India
Flood disaster recovery in China
1. Takuji, S., 2006. ‘Rice in deep water’. Nature 10, 635-636
2. Shimizu, M.S., Takeoka, Y.J., 1972. The propagule phenomenon of rice ear under flood stress – plant morphologic
characteristics. Report of the Tokai Branch of Crop Science Society of Japan 63, 54-55 (in Japanese).
Further references:
Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters [EB/OL].
Notes & References