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5 Niggli, U., and others (2009). Low Greenhouse Gas Agriculture: Mitigation
and Adaptation Potential of Sustainable Farming Systems. FAO, April
2009. Available from
lowgreenhouse.pdf.
6 IAASTD 2008, op. cit., p.109.
7 Werner Harder, BLW, BAFU magazine, Umwelt, vol. 2, 2008.
8 International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and
Technology for Development. IAASTD, Global Summary for Decision
Makers, 2008. Available from .
9 UNEP, Green Economy Report (2011), op. cit., p.55.
10 UNEP, Green Economy Report (2011), op. cit.
11 FAO, Agricultural Biodiversity in FAO, 2008; see also
biodiversity/geneticresources/bio-crops/en/.
12 Forum Biodiversität Schweiz, Hotspot, 12/2005, p. 18.
13 Fischler, M. (2010). Impact assessment of push-pull technology developed and
promoted by ICIPE and partners in eastern Africa , Intercooperation.
14 UNEP and UNCTAD (2008). Organic Agriculture and Food Security in
Africa. Development.
The Farmer Communication Programme in East Africa
1 Biovision Farmer Communication Programme (FCP), c/o ICIPE, P.O.
Box 30772, 00100; Duduville Kasarani, Off Thika Road, Nairobi/Kenya;
.
2 Anderson, J.R., and Feder, G., (2004). Good intentions and hard
realities. The World Bank Res. Obs. 19, 1. Jagtap, S.S., and Abamu,
F.J. (2003). Matching improved maize production technologies to the
resource base of farmers in a moist savanna. Agricultural Systems. vol. 76,
pp. 1067–1084.
3 Ballantyne, P. (2009). Accessing, sharing and communicating
agricultural information for development: emerging trends and issues.
Information Development, vol. 25 (No. 4), pp. 260–271. Kesavan
P.C, and Swaminathan M.S. (2008). Strategies and models for
agricultural sustainability in developing Asian countries. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. vol. 363, pp. 877–891.
doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2189. Liang, L., and Brookfield, H. (2009).
Sharing knowledge on agrodiversity for conservation and livelihood
improvement. LEISA Magazine, vol. 25 (No. 1), pp. 23-25.
4 Available
press_release_agroecology_en.pdf.
Building blocks for a green economy: experiences of the African
Development Bank
1 Following the request of African Heads of State, the African Union, the
African Development Bank, United Nations Environmental Programme
and The Economic Commission for Africa jointly coordinate Africa’s
participation at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable
Development (Rio+20), including promotion of Africa’s perspectives on
green growth.
2 These include the bank’s Climate Change Action Plan, its Social and
Environmental Safeguard System, and Climate Safeguard System and
green growth strategy.
Green growth: necessity or opportunity for Africa?
1 Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-
being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC. 155 pp.
2 IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007: Climate
Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution
of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry, M.L., O.F.
Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976 pp.
3 Crutzen, P. , 2002. Geology of mankind. Nature, vol. 415.
4 Zalasiewicz, and others (2008). Are we now living in the Anthropocene?
GSA Today, vol. 18, No. 2.
5 AfDB et al. (2011). Assessing Progress in Africa towards the Millennium
Development Goals. MDG Report 2011 prepared by the African
Development Bank, Economic Commission for Africa, African Union and
United Nations Development Programme.
6 UN Population Division Database.
7 AfDB et al. (2003). Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the
Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation. Inter-agency report by
the African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB),
Department for International Development (DFID, UK), Directorate-
7 Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM (2010). Transforming Higher Education for a
Sustainable Tomorrow 2009: Laying the Foundation. Universiti Sains Malaysia. ISBN
978-983-861-507-5.
8 Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM (2011). Transforming Higher Education for a Sustainable
Tomorrow 2011: Delivering Excellence. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. ISBN
978-967-394-038-7.
9 MoHE (Ministry of Higher Education) (2007). National Higher Education Action Plan 2007-
2010: Triggering Higher Education Transformation. 20August 2007, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
10 Omar, O. (2012). Bersama Untuk Kecemerlangan Universiti 2012, Menzahir Pencapaian.
Together for excellence – Realising Performance, speech, 2012 by Vice-Chancellor
Professor Dato’ Omar Osman to the USM community. Available from .
my/index.php/en/about-usm/vcs-views-a-comments/9578-bersama-untuk-kecemerlangan-
universiti-buku-2012-menzahir-pencapaian.html.
11 Kim, W., and Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market
Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. Cambridge, Massachusette: Harvard Business
School Press.
12 Koshy, K., Corcoran, P., et al. (2011), The Ethical Dimension of Sustainability in Higher
Education: Applying the Principles of the Earth Charter in Malaysia and beyond. University
Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, ISBN 978-967-394-040-0.
Sustainable development at the local level in Botswana
1 Arntzen et al (2007).
2 The Board of the STMT is guided by the Deed of Trust, Policies and Procedures for Trust
Activities, Policies and Procedures for Enterprises and Santawani Lodge Operations
Manual. Arntzen et al ( 2007). These provide the overall guidance in terms of how the
STMT operates in all its aspects.
Strategies for sustainable growth in Singapore
1 Mercer Human Resource Consulting ranked Singapore 1st in Asia and 25th in the world in
its 2011 Quality of Living Survey.
2 The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) takes into account the ambient concentrations of
sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, and
translates them into an overall index ranging from 0 to 500. PSI levels of 0 to 50 are
considered good, and levels from 51 to 100 are moderate. Index levels above 100 are
considered unhealthy.
3 International Association of Public Transport (2006). Mobility in cities report.
4 The IMCSDwas co-chaired by Minister (National Development) and Minister (Environment and
Water Resources). The members are: Minister (Finance), Minister (Transport) and Senior Minister
of State (Trade & Industry). The IMCSD completed its work with the launch of the Sustainable
Singapore Blueprint in April 2009.
New voluntary bottom-up urban planning and forest conservation methods in Finland
List of sources
> Land use and building > Living environment and urban structure >National
urban parks.
Governing sustainabledevelopment in Malaysia
1 This term is used to describe the inability of some countries rich in natural resources to use
this wealth to boost their economies.
2 The NPBD 1998 seeks to ‘conserve Malaysia’s biological diversity and to ensure that
its components are utilized in a sustainable manner for the continued progress and
socioeconomic development of the nation’.
3 The NPE aims at achieving continued economic, social and cultural progress in Malaysia
and enhancing the quality of life of its people, through environmentally sound and
sustainable development.
Food, nutrition and sustainable agriculture within a green economy
About the author:
Hans Rudolf Herren is World Food Prize Laureate. He is President of the Millennium Institute
in Washington and of Biovision – Foundation for Ecological Development. He was co-chair of
the IAASTD and recently coordinated the authoring of the chapter on agriculture in the UNEP
Report, Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication
(Green Economy Report).
1 Statement to the High-Level Roundtable on Food and Nutrition Security and Sustainable
Agriculture held on 15th March 2012 in New York.
2 UNEP (2011). Agriculture – Investing in natural capital. In Green Economy Report, p.50.
Available from
Agriculture.pdf.
3 Agriculture at a crossroads, International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and
Technology for Development. IAASTD, Global Summary for DecisionMakers, 2008. Available from
, p.16.
4 Ibid, p. 47.