Risk Returns

[

] 52

Spectral Acceleration Map

Indonesia for 2,475 years return period

Source: Irsyam et al., 2010

critical issues related to safety, where proper earth-

quake-resistance construction practices are not yet

well followed. Many unconfined masonry residen-

tial houses with low lateral strength are still found

in high seismic-hazard urban areas and exposed to

very high risk of earthquake disasters. Confined

masonry residential houses in Indonesian urban areas

are considered to be more earthquake resistant than

unconfined masonry structures, but many are still

vulnerable due to lack of proper reinforcement detail-

ing and good quality materials.

Many earthquake-resistance construction guidelines

for residential houses, albeit not supported by effec-

tive local bylaws, have been available for a long time in

Indonesia. However, dissemination of the guidelines to

the community has been lacking. Only after the 2006

Yogyakarta earthquake did the Government produce

a set of ‘Technical Guidelines for Seismic Resistant

Homes and Buildings’ for non-engineered structures,

enforced by a Ministerial Decree as a requirement for

the disbursement of relief funds to support the rehabili-

tation and reconstruction of houses.

Retrofitting practices are rarely conducted in

Indonesia, except for a few demonstration projects

and post-disaster reconstruction projects. There are

currently no regulations or building codes available

that deal with the retrofit of buildings, except for some

practical manuals developed by some non-government

organizations and individual consultants.

Urban earthquake risk reduction programmes

There are some (albeit very limited) demonstration projects

aimed at reducing earthquake risk in urban settings, exem-

plified by the implementation of the Indonesian Urban

Disaster Mitigation Project initiative as part of the Asian

Urban Disaster Mitigation Program (supported by USAID/

OFDA)

for earthquake risk in Bandung city (1997-2003),

A four story engineered building damaged by earthquake in Banda Aceh, 2004

Tsunami damaged area in Meulaboh Aceh, 2004

Damage of an engineered building caused by soft story, Yogyakarta 2006

Image: Wayan Sengara

Image: Krishna S Pribadi

Image: Wayan Sengara